As the world works toward a carbon-free future, the demand for hydrogen fuel cells (HFC) is growing, expanding into new applications in industry and power generation. The scalability of fuel cell stacks makes them a flexible and future-forward solution for everything from replacing combustion engines in electric vehicles to large-scale, multi-megawatt installations that supply electricity directly to the utility grid.
As promising as they are, many fuel cell systems experience significant losses in the energy value chain. Fortunately, the right SWEP brazed plate heat exchangers (BPHE), in the right place, can help minimize these losses. We’re here to help our customers develop the innovative solutions that will enable them to reap the full benefits of emerging hydrogen fuel cell technologies.
HFCs can be used both to generate power and to balance the electricity grid. They are especially effective for:
SWEP BPHEs play an important role in the thermal management of hydrogen fuel cells and can have a significant effect on their electrical conversion efficiency, longevity, and operation. In proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells specifically, SWEP BPHEs are vital to maintaining a narrow operating temperature range, (between 60 °C and 85 °C), as well as for cooling the fuel cell stack.
SWEP BPHEs maintain a consistent pressure throughout operation, with a very small pressure drop. And because they are constructed of 100% pure stainless steel, they are also highly corrosion resistant, eliminating the risk of contaminating the deionized water in the system.
SWEP has been supplying producers of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells with copper-free heat exchangers for stack cooling and exhaust gas heat recovery for more than a decade. We also supply BPHEs in a wide range of capacities for fuel-processing equipment.
Hydrogen is vital to global industry. It can be used as fuel for transport in heavy-duty and material-handling vehicles, and for long-distance transport including bus, rail, aviation and marine. It is also important as a feedstock for industry, such as refineries and steel manufacturing, and is the core of hydrogen fuel cell (HFC) power generation.
When used as a fuel, hydrogen is an energy carrier, like electricity. Also, like electricity, it can be produced using greenhouse gas-neutral energy, including solar and wind power. During peak production hours, excess renewable electricity can be used to generate hydrogen through electrolysis. That hydrogen can then be used in stationary fuel cells for power generation or stored as a compressed gas, cryogenic liquid, or one of a wide variety of loosely-bonded hydride compounds.
Electrolysis, which uses electricity to split water into separate hydrogen and oxygen molecules, is a promising option for producing carbon-free hydrogen. Electrolyzers, where electrolysis takes place, can range in size from small, appliance-like equipment to large-scale, central production facilities. For the hydrogen to be truly carbon-free, however, the electricity used for electrolysis must be generated from renewable or carbon-free sources.
The temperature control of the electrolytic tank, and the circulation volume of the electrolyte directly determine the purity of the hydrogen produced by water electrolysis. SWEP’s All-Stainless BPHE range are designed to adapt to different concentrations of electrolyte and are also ideal for recycling and cooling high-temperature gasses.